Closest Earth Like Planet – Finding an Earth-like planet is pretty straightforward but the distance is the problem.
So I won’t waste my time traveling to a habitable exoplanet, where it would take 100,000 years or more from Earth to get there in the fastest human-carrying spacecraft around.
Now back to our question,
Specifically, so far we have not found a planet where humans can survive.
Theoretically, there are other potentially habitable planets in the universe that we humans could survive on.
By surviving I mean living, spawning, growing, sourcing food, building shelters without having to build artificial atmospheres, mining planets for resources, etc.
none, as of now
However, there are some worthy competitors that may be habitable.
Mars
This is one of the first planets that comes to mind of anyone asking this question. And really, it deserves it.
In addition to being located right in the habitable zone of the solar system, Mars also has traces of water which implies that Mars once had oceans and seas, just like Earth.
But now it’s very cold.
Currently, the typical summer day temperature on Mars near the equator is around 20°C.
However, at night it can easily drop to -73°C. Another flaw is the lack of oxygen on Mars.
Mars has about 96% carbon dioxide and only traces of free oxygen which can amount to about 0.1%.
Proxima Centauri-B
The planet was in the news for quite some time when it was discovered around August 2016.
Of course, the planet is also in the habitable zone of the star Proxima Centauri.
It is believed by scientists that the climate conditions may lead to the availability of water.
It is about 4.3 light-years away.
Less by cosmic distance but a lot by our measurements.
However, despite its habitable nature, it is feared that the planet is tidally locked to the Sun, meaning it does not rotate at all.
Assumptions about the presence or absence of oxygen cannot be made at this time.
He’s a very unlikely candidate, but I just think he should be on the list.
Kepler 452-b
Also known by NASA as Coruscant (a reference to the famous fictional Star Wars location), it is commonly referred to as Earth 2.0.
Orbiting the star Kepler 452, about 1,400 light-years from Earth, it was the first rocky planet discovered in July 2015.
It is located in the habitable zone of Kepler 452, a star very similar to the Sun.
It is not known for sure if the planet is rocky, but due to its small radius and relatively moderate density, it is thought to be.
The planet is also subject to a greenhouse effect, as observed on Venus, making it very unlikely to be habitable.
However, these are insignificant concerns.
The main drawback is that with the current “high speed” of 60,000 km/h, it could take us about 30 million years to get there.
It is still a very good competitor.
Gliese 667 Cc
Floating 23 light-years from Earth in the constellation Scorpius, Gliese 667 Cc orbits a triple star system in its habitable zone.
It is probably 3 times heavier than the Earth. The calculated equilibrium temperature is 4.3°C; quite cold but habitable.
It is likely tidally locked to its star, with one side permanently facing it and the other shrouded in darkness.
Discovered in 2011, this planet is no longer considered Earth-like today due to several discoveries of other such planets.
It would take about 180,000 years to do this from Earth.
Kepler-62f
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) – 0.67,
Kepler-62f is a terrestrial super planet orbiting the habitable zone of the star Kepler-62.
Kepler-62f to maintain an Earth-like climate (with an average temperature of about 11°C to 17°C)
Kepler-62f orbits its host star every 267 days and is about 40% larger than Earth.
Scientists think the planet could be completely covered by water.
Kepler-1229b
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) — 0.73,
Kepler-1229b is a confirmed, likely rocky, super-Earth exoplanet orbiting the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-1229, located about 870 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus.
It orbits an M-type star Kepler-1229 (red dwarf).
Its mass is 2.54 Earths, it takes 86.8 days to complete one orbit around its star.
The planet is likely tidally locked, with one side of its hemisphere permanently facing the star, while the opposite side is shrouded in eternal darkness.
However, between these two regions of high intensity, there will be a range of habitability known as the cut-off line, where the temperature may be just right (0°C; 32°F) for liquid water to exist.
Alternatively, a much larger part of the planet could be habitable if it supported an atmosphere thick enough to transfer heat to the opposite side of the star.
Wolf 1061-c
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) — 0.76,
Wolf 1061c is an exoplanet orbiting the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Wolf 1061 in the constellation Ophiuchus.
Its surface gravity is estimated to be 1.6 times that of Earth.
This planet has an equilibrium temperature of −50°C, which is quite cold but is home to life.
Approximately 13.8 light-years from Earth, making it one of the closest known, habitable, and confirmed exoplanets to Earth.
Kepler-442b
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) — 0.84,
Kepler-442b is a super-Earth with a radius 1.34 times that of Earth and orbits within the habitable zone.
Kepler-442b is a near-Earth-sized, likely rocky, exoplanet orbiting the habitable zone of a K-type main sequence star.
Kepler-442b, about 1,206 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lyra.
Its equilibrium temperature is −40°C. Kepler-442b’s surface gravity would be 30% stronger than Earth’s, assuming a similar rock composition to Earth’s.
The planet orbits a (K-type) star called Kepler-442.
The planet is located in the star’s habitable zone, an area where liquid water can exist on the planet’s surface.
It is one of the most Earth-like planets ever found in terms of size and temperature.
Luyten b
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) — 0.91,
It is one of the most Earth-like planets ever discovered and the fifth-closest known habitable exoplanet.
It is near the red dwarf Luyten. Its distance from Earth is 12.2 light years.
Luyten b is a super-Earth about 2.89 times the mass of Earth and receives only 6% more starlight than Earth, making it one of the best candidates for habitability.
Luyten b will have an average surface temperature of about 19°C, very similar to Earth’s.
Only Proxima Centauri b, Barnard’s Star b, Ross 128 b and Gliese 1061 d are closer.
Teegarden b
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) — 0.95,
Its name sounds like “Tea Garden”, do I need to say more?
Teegarden’s star b (also known as Teegarden b) is an exoplanet found orbiting the habitable zone of Teegarden star, an M-type red dwarf about 12 light-years from the solar system.
Teegarden’s b-star may even have an ocean of water on its surface.
Teegarden’s b-star is the innermost known planet orbiting Teegarden’s star, with an orbital period of only 4.91 days.
The mass of the planet is close to that of the Earth.
So these are the main candidates that I can recommend livable.
But again, it would be much better if we could preserve the Earth and stay in it for as long as possible.
Note-:
Earth Similarity Index (ESI) Means*
The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) is a scale to physically compare other planets to our Earth.
The scale is between 0 (no similarity to Earth) and 1 (Earth-like).
Planets with an ESI between 0.8 and 1.0 are more likely to be similar to Earth.
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